Improvements in Transportation Essay Example for Free

Improvements in Transportation Essay The growth of the Industrial Revolution depended on the ability to transport raw materials and finished goods over long distances. There were three main types of transportation that increased during the Industrial Revolution: waterways, roads, and railroads. Transportation was important because many people began living in the west and farther away from their homes. Prior to 1750, villagers either had to walk everywhere they went or travel by horse and carriage. The roads were in poor condition and in wet weather they became very muddy with the carriages often becoming bogged down. The villagers spent most of their time trying to repair the roads without receiving any pay for their work, but as turnpikes were created this was no longer a problem. A turnpike is a road that has a smooth layer of crushed rocks, with large rocks underneath. This allows the water to drain properly. Before the steamboat ships had to use the power of the wind in order to move from place to place, and so the speed of travel was limited and slow. Then steamboat emerged, Robert Fulton made the first steam-powered engine to power a steamboat, and in 1807 he demonstrated its use by going from New York City to Albany via the Hudson River. His steamboat was able to carry raw materials across the Atlantic Ocean by the mid 1800s. This was a great advancement for transporting materials. At the turn of the 19th century the steam engine was invented. Even though iron rails were being used in the coal mines, there were no self-propelled locomotives to run on them. James Watt was able to make steam engines faster and more efficient, later when he joined up with a businessman who helped him keep improving it. This eventually led to the first train.

C. Vann Woodwards The Strange Career Of Jim Crow Essay examples -- Ci

C. Vann Woodward's The Strange Career Of Jim Crow C. Vann Woodward illuminates one of the â€Å"ugliest† aspects of American societal history in his book The Strange Career of Jim Crow. His book is an overview of the development of the Jim Crow system, a set of racist laws put in place around the turn of the nineteenth century. Interestingly his book tracks the evolution of racism throughout American history. He not only shows where and when racism is developing but the different ways that the racism manifested itself in the North and South. C. Vann Woodward published the first edition of his book in 1955, while the racial atmosphere was in a tumultuous state. Black Americans at the time were still suffering from the effects of the Supreme Court Decision Plessy vs. Ferguson from 1896, the â€Å"separate but equal† distinction of the law. His book is published in the heat of these debates and racial struggle, posing the question how complete his book could be. He then republishes the book three more times, his second revised edition was published in 1966, his third in 1974, and the last in 2001. The book is based on lectures which he delivered at the University of Virginia in 1954. With every revision, he includes more evidence for arguments and responds to literary criticism. With the Civil Rights Movement raging around him, Woodward sought to explain the way the environment had come to be the way it was. In 1955 the Montgomery bus boycott was occurring as Woodward’s book was being published. With his first edition of the book, some of the most notable events of the civil rights movement had not yet occurred, Rosa Parks had not refused to give up her seat on the bus, the desegregation of schools was just beginning, and Martin ... ...at they could and they dealt with what they couldn't. The most interesting thing that Woodward does in his book is that he keeps perspective and he makes sure that he includes as much up to date information as possible. He is careful to keep his own personal opinions in perspective and bases most of the book on research. C. Vann Woodward himself comes from a background where he has dealt with much of what he writes about and he does not let his prior experiences interfere with his work. While he responds to the criticisms of his work he does not attack people he addresses the ideas. He uses many reliable sources from historical documents to his contemporaries. He gives both sides to every argument and point that he makes and he is very thorough. While he does not keep his opinions completely out of the book he includes his opposition and their opinions as well.

Journal 1 – The Metamorphosis

The opening paragraph of this short story begins with the introduction of Gregor Samsa as a newly transformed insect. The narrator's intent in regards to this brusque stating of Gregor's new physical shape, is perhaps to convey Gregor's own surprised and confused feelings into the reader's mind. The narrator seems to anticipate what the reader is thinking, as he immediately states that Gregor is transformed, and what shape he now possesses. The narrator pushes his description to unfolding the exact contours of Gregor's body. He takes the perspective of Gregor, looking down on his own body, perhaps to heighten the vividness and brutal psychological shock of the first vision of his â€Å"numerous legs, which were pitifully thin compared to the rest of his bulk, waved helplessly before his eyes. † The reader is thus enabled, through this first-person point-of-view, to visualise that precise image, which inherently helps the reader better understand the effect of the transformation through Gregor's perspective. The paragraph detailing Gregor's metamorphosis is followed by a description of his room and of his non-bug life. The reader notices that where the first paragraph was leaning towards structure and a coherent and precise description of Gregor, this paragraph seems to consist of more random thoughts than anything else. It's as if Gregor's mind is wandering about his room, trying to rebuild his human character, whereas the previous paragraph had completely shattered his notion of humanity. We can see in the following quote just how determined Gregor is to re-ascertain his humanity, † What has happened to me? he thought. It was no dream. His room, a regular human bedroom, only rather too small, lay quiet between the four familiar walls. † Firstly, the fact that Gregor states very plainly that he lived in a good, human bedroom seems odd, as he feels the need to qualify the normalness of his place of residence through it's ‘human' appeal, instead of, say its ‘roomy' or ‘comfortable' appeal. Furthermore, the description of his room continues in its peculiarity, as Gregor feels compelled to further solidify the mundane-ness of his room through its ‘four familiar walls'. It seems that Gregor feels further compelled to make his room normal by depicting it as being of usual dimensions, hence the four walls, which are familiar – a contrast perhaps to his newly acquired uncomfortable feeling of not belonging, of being odd – hence the insect-like shape. The seemingly xenophobic attributes of his new character seriously conflict with the person he used to make himself be. As he states, â€Å"Above the table on which a collection of cloth samples was unpacked and spread out – Samsa was a commercial traveler – (†¦ † The position he held, and assumedly still has, of being a commercial traveler would lead one to believe that Gregor was not antisocial in any way, in fact the reader could assume that Gregor worked as a traveller because of his affinity with people. Yet the manner in which he now describes his room perhaps suggests that a deeper transformation had occurred, one that affected his self-confidence and his pers onality. Lead by hermit-like comments such as the â€Å"four familiar walls†, one can see that Gregor may now find sanctuary in the closeness of these walls, rather than seeking the public world of a traveller. This reaction is rather evident, as one could assume that any person would feel demoralized after being transformed into a huge bug. Yet where some people may be affected only physically, this transformation seems to have affected Gregor's psyche as well. Lastly, the end-description of the lady, â€Å"sitting upright and holding out to the spectator a huge fur muff into which the whole of her forearm had vanished! † seems odd, as Gregor's reaction to the huge fur muff somehow seems detached, like it was the first time he had seen it done. Ironically, Gregor tells the reader that he had recently framed the picture and had placed it above his desk, which would lead one to believe that he had looked at the picture before hanging it. Moreover, his reaction to the disappearing forearm may be related to the fact that he no longer has any, which would therefore explain his shocked reaction; the fact that a human is being portrayed in some light other than a normal one is both terrifying and appalling to Gregor, a notion that is explained again through his reaction to the picture, and perhaps thus to his physical state.

Joint Family System - 3934 Words

[pic] [pic] SCHEME OF PRESENTATION âž ¢ INTRODUCTION âž ¢ HISTORY OF JOINT FAMILY SYSTEM âž ¢ NUCLEAR FAMILY SYSTEM V/S JOINT FAMILY SYSTEM âž ¢ ROLE OF JOINT FAMILY SYSTEM IN SOCIETY âž ¢ ADVANTAGES OF JOINT FAMILY SYSTEM âž ¢ DISADVANTAGES OF JOINT FAMILY SYSTEM âž ¢ FUTURE OF JOINT FAMILY SYSTEM âž ¢ CONCLUSION âž ¢ REFERENCES INTRODUCTION A family is a set of human beings related to each other in a non professional manner, where love, care and affection are the most prominent human values which are responsible for maintaining these bonds of relationships within a family. There are mainly two kinds of family systems; one is â€Å"Nuclear Family System† and the other is â€Å"Joint Family†¦show more content†¦A Joint family system is a smaller unit of a society, it gives its members a sense of mutual love, harmony, affection, care and to face problems collectively. If these values are brought up, society can become an ideal society and that country can make progress rapidly even within the constraints of limited resources. So its role in developing countries like Pakistan, is need of the hour. ADVANTAGES OF JOINT FAMILY SYSTEM Joint family system in itself simulates a typical view of our multi cultural society. In this system all the members, regardless of which particular nuclear family within that joint family they belong to, live together and share happiness and nearly every kind of problem and joy together. When more than one family live together, it brings together members of different strengths. One of the great advantages of this is that different strengths of different members can be potentially enriching to the family and, in turn, provide a sense of completion to the members. In a joint family a training ground is based for future generation to learn and develop skills of living in harmony with fellow citizens in a society. This system help to build a society that is more liberal of personal differences in views and thoughts and where people appreciate and carry forward the value of mutual respect, love and cooperation. âž ¢ Care of children: is a major problem in a nuclear family system. Children are brought up eitherShow MoreRelatedThe Family Is The Nucleus Of Civilization Essay1625 Words   |  7 Pagessurvived the test of time is the family. Will and Ariel Durant quoted that â€Å"the family is the nucleus of civilization†. Family is a unit of two or more persons united by marriage, blood, adoption or consensual union, in general consulting a single household, interacting and communicating with each other (Desai, 1994). A family is an important unit of society because of its power to influence the individual, household and community behaviour (Sriram, 1993). 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